The Cultural Nature Of Human Development - 1257 Words

Research on human development has been much devoted towards determining when one should expect children to be capable of certain skills. Every day, our communities develop as generations of individuals make choices and invent solutions to changing circumstances. Our ongoing daily activities, ranging from learning when to brush our teeth, to learning the numbers on a telephone. Barbara Rogoff’s The Cultural Nature of Human Development discusses cultural patterns as they relate to human development. Human development is a cultural process by which devices such as language and literacy are employed by means of learning from one another. To date, the study of human development has been largely based around research and theoretical knowledge coming from middle-class communities in Europe, as well as North America. Questions such as â€Å"When does children’s intellectual development permit them to be responsible for others?† and â€Å"When can they be trusted to take care of an infant?† are vital in recognizing cultural approaches among different cultural communities. Rogoff’s work discusses the importance of increasing the understanding of the cultural basis of our own lives as those of our neighbors and those individuals we do not know personally. Rogoff’s purpose is to contribute to the greater understanding of not only scholars, but also practitioners and other professionals within the field. She explains that observing activities of different cultural communities can inevitably teachShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nature Versus Nurture Debate987 Words   |  4 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest and most controversial issues in Psychology. The nature versus nurture debate revolves around the contributions of genetic factors and environmental factors to human development. 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One of the benefits of having a cross-cultural perspective in regards to life span development is that it allowsRead MoreWhy Humans Develop Their Psychological Attributes Based On Genetics ( Nature ) Or Their Environment1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate on whether humans develop their psychological attributes based on genetics (nature) or their environment and how they were raised (nurture) are two controversial issues in central psychology within psych ologist and philosophers. For centuries, the disputation between nature and nurture surged on regards to which one of the two has a greater significance: ‘The inborn nature of the individual or the environmental influences that nurture the individual’.( Hockenbury, Don; Hockenbury, SandraRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate878 Words   |  4 Pages When one thinks about child development, are personalities and traits produced by genetics or shaped by the environment? 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The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1412 Words

There are moments in life that the world seems to be turned upside down and inside out; As if the greatest moments come to the least deserving person, and the passionate and the diligent only get a drop of achievement. These moments can come in waves of frustration, anger, envy - for the struggling - tearing the hard workers to pieces when they see the undeserving take in praise and achievements, but still pushing on towards their dream, these workers don’t bend to the challenges that are thrown in the way. Instead, it only fuels their fire, makes the engines burn and pushes them further; to only have their drudgery mean nothing. Time after time, throughout history, the world had seen this pattern show; in factories, huge companies - especially in politics - but even more so in early twentieth century literature, like The Grapes of Wrath, Elmer Gantry, and Let Us Now Praise Famous Men. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the settings of the valley of ashes and Gatsby ’s mansion to convey that the American Dream is impossible to achieve due to the greediness of the wealthy. Fitzgerald uses Gatsby’s mansion to demonstrate the obsession of the American Dream to become rich. While touring throughout the house, Nick and Jordan wander into Gatsby’s library, in hopes of finding Gatsby himself. Instead, they meet Owl eyes, a nosy reader that seems to understand Gatsby’s character better than the entire city. Impressed and slightly jealous of the wealthy his host has,Show MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. 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Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. 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Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Provide an Introduction to the report that clearly states the aim and structure of the report, and provides justifications of the HRM issues discussed, looking into with key strategic aims of the organization. 2.Critically analyse the Internal and External Environment for your chosen Organisation. Answers: 1.Founded in the year of 1970, Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Corporation has emerged to be the third largest steel producing organization in the entire world (Nssmc.com 2017). Nippon Steel Sumikin Engineering Co., Ltd. (NSENGI) with its more than 40 years experience, mainly in Southeast Asian projects, has laid many long-distance, large-diameter, high-pressure submarine pipelines for oil gas projects, which meet demanding requirements for high reliability.Considering the fact that the human resources are the most valuable management resources, the Nippon Steel Indonesia does employ a variety of impressive HR practices that helps the company enhance the skills of the employees and encourage them to demonstrate their ability. Hence, the present report intends to discuss and critically analyse the existent HR policies of the company, and offer recommendations, if any. As far as Nippon Steel is concerned, it has been created by merging two giant steel companies, Yawata Iron and Steel company and Fuji Iron and Steel Company. The company is known for offering a wide range of products including flat and long steel products, wire products, chemicals and plates. The company has been operating globally almost since its inception, and the total number of employees working here sum up to 60,508 (Nssmc.com, 2017). The importance of IHRM practices cannot be undermined, as it is the strategic way through which the Human Resource manager of an organization aligns organizational goals with employee benefits, motivating the staffs to work more dedicatedly towards the accomplishment of the organizational goal. Nippon Steel believes in enhancing the skills and expertise of the employees, so that they can embrace leadership roles in future in an effective way. Hence, Nippon Steel promote activities like the early work abroad experiences, study abroad opportunities in designated regions, and internal courses (Moriguchi 2014). Besides, the company offers skill training to its employees, especially the local, inexperienced and semi-skilled staffs of Indonesia, so that they can deliver high quality performance in future. This not only helps the company train its employees, but also enjoy employee loyalty. Those employees, who join the company as working staffs, if exhibit special potentialities, are being offered career growth opportunities as well, as they are enrolled in leadership programs at the expense of the company. The company also believes that in order to increase employee engagement at workplace, it is important to value the employees. Accordingly, the management authority of the company holds meetings with the employees, to assess the total annual working hours, and to reduce the same, if necessary. Besides, it is equally important to state here that that the company also promotes specific measures for the prevention of overwork, such as the establishment of bonus annual leave (approximately 10 days annually) and workload countermeasures in cooperation with a supervisor and / or industrial physician (Giarratani et al. 2013). Although the existent HR policies are indeed impressive, further recommendations can be advised. Since Nippon Steel is a steel manufacturing company, occupational injuries are common. The HR practice should include investment in the safety management system to reduce chances of occupational accidents. The company should also reduce its working hours, offer flexible work schedules and work from home facilities once a week (wherever applicable), and provide cultural training to its employees. These are the basic HRM strategies undertaken by the company in the international strategy. While speaking of HRM in the international setting, the basic function of the HR of the company is to offer intensive training to the expatriate employees, so as to enhance their linguistic skills as well as their cultural sensitivity in a foreign nation and an alien culture. Again, similarly, sufficient training is also being offered to the impatriate employees ho are coming from foreign lands in order to work under the host country, and consequently they must be made aware of the organizational culture prevalent in the host country. Another very important function of the IHRM at Nippon Steel is to offer sufficient compensation and lucrative incentive packages to the employees who are relocating to other locations, for the sake of the organization. Hence, the HR manager offers lucrative bonus as well as other financial benefits for shifting to the foreign location, though the % of salary increment depends on the country location and local market cost of living. In fact, as an import ant IHRM function, the company also offers allowances for cost of living, housing, food, recreation, personal care, clothing, education, home furnishing, transportation, and medical care. Other than this, the IHRM also is responsible for offering other allowances, and Nippon Steel, for example, offers home-leave allowances and relocation allowances. The HR manger, as part of an important IHRM function, also organizes meetings with the managers and CEOs of the different branch locations of the company, and ensures proper coordination amongst the different branches. Nippon Steel follows the ethnocentric IHRM model, whereby the managers as well as the technical workers working in different locations of the company are advised to follow the HRM practices of the home country only. 2.The performance of any organization is not only guided by the human resources or the financial resources, but also by the environment in which the organization operates in. As a strategic tool, the environmental analysis of an organization helps in identifying the internal and external elements that affect the performance of the company. Accordingly, the internal and external analysis of Nippon Steel is also being conducted as follows: Internal Environmental Analysis 3Generic Strategies: While analyzing the internal environment of Nippon Steel, it would be interesting to take note of the important generic strategies undertaken by the HR manger of Nippon Steel as part of its human resource management strategy. First of all, innovation as a strategic imperative of HR management is embraced by the management authority of Nippon Steel. In order to create dedicated employees, the company offers flexible working schedule to the employees, and offers 3 work from home facilities a week to the employees, that help in motivating the employees. As part of the organizational strategy, innovation is achieved by offering intensive communication and managerial training to the employees. However, the company is still mindful of its cost reduction strategy, and hence it does not offer training to the employees at free of cost. The employees are enrolled in a variety of professional training courses, on the completion of which they not only enjoy career growth opportunities but are al so offered certificates from recognized training centers. The employees can avail the courses at lower cost, as the company deducts a very small amount of money from the employees salary every month, so as to enhance their skills and expertise, without affecting the profitability of the company. Besides, innovation is an important key strategy of the company, and the operating strategies of the company are developed through interactions with its employees, customers, partners, vendors, suppliers and consultants. They review market trends and identify, through benchmarking, what is required to out-perform their competition. Every week, the HR organizes interactive sessions with the employees and stakeholders, in order to communicate the innovative strategies of the organization (Druker, 2014). Another important cost-reduction strategy adopted by the company is the introduction of a variety of expat packages. In other words, the company offers local or local plus packages for developm ent or volunteer assignments; expat lite is being used for moves in markets where talent is widely available or early localization is desirable; and full expatriate packages is being used for senior level executives and leadership positions. Quality is also an important generic strategy adopted by Nippon Steel. The company does offer career growth opportunities to all its employees, and in case of exceptionally taented employees, the company offer huge concessions on the training courses. Apart from personal motivation, much attention is also being paid to the infrastructural facilities such as the physical layout of the office, facilities, hardware and software, communication equipment, etc so that the employees can work in a very comfortable way. External Environmental Analysis PESTEL: Political Factors While operating in Indonesia, Nippon Steel will need to be well-aware of the political instability of the country and that as much as 22% of the people in Indonesia are presently living below the poverty line (Hassan 2015). Economic Factors Although Indonesia does enjoy a good inflow of FDI amounting to $67.3 billion, the country cannot be termed as an example of a strong economy. In the entire world, Indonesia ranks 157 in terms of the per capita income of the citizens, and it is still a developing nation (Waworuntu and Suryanto 2015). Social Factors The country enjoys a large population, a total of 240,271,522 populations which is growing at 1.13%. The prospects of sale of any product are higher here, given the higher consumption rate of a densely populated nation (Arifin 2016). Technological Factors The country does enjoy a very highly developed and effective transport and communication system. Environmental Factors The environmental laws are very strict mandating the use of energy efficient means of production. Demographic Factors Issues relating to access to health and education as well as rising inequality are the most pressing social challenges the Indonesian people are encountered with. Hence, it is advised that in order to gain competitive edge over the rival firms, a company should invest in social initiatives. The country has a patriarchal set up, which makes it difficult to entrust managerial duties to the women. From the above analysis, it is clear that Nippon Steel does have prospect in Indonesia, considering the dense population of the country. However, since it is still a developing nation, the company will need to reduce its operational cost and offer low cost products. Accordingly, as part of its cost reduction strategy, the company can hire the semi-skilled local workers, and train them to work efficiently, at low cost. In Indonesia FDI is restricted in most ofthe sectors and the business environment is not good because of persistent corruption and natural disaster, and hence it is advised that the company does not focus all its resources in Indonesia. It can manufacture its products mostly here, because of the cheap availability of raw materials and labour, and export the majority of the products to other parts of the world. However, the Indonesian market also assumes great importance since Frost Sullivan forecastsIndonesias vehicle sales to reach 1.1 million units in 2017, growing a t a rate of 5 per cent, and hence the company can expect a steady growth in the sale of steel sheets (Natsuda et al. 2015). Reference List: Arifin, B., 2016.Institutional constraints and opportunities in developing environmental service markets: lessons from institutional studies on RUPES in Indonesia. Bogor, Indonesia: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Drucker, P., 2014.Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Giarratani, F., Madhavan, R. and Gruver, G., 2013. Steel industry restructuring and location.Handbook of Industry Studies and Economic Geography, p.11. Hassan, M.K., 2015. The response of Muslim youth organizations to political change: HMI in Indonesia and ABIM in Malaysia.Islam and the Political Economy of Meaning: Comparative Studies of Muslim Discourse, pp.180-96. Jones, L., 2016. Explaining the failure of the ASEAN economic community: the primacy of domestic political economy.The Pacific Review,29(5), pp.647-670. Moon, H.C., Hur, Y.K., Yin, W. and Helm, C., 2014. Extending Porters generic strategies: from three to eight.European Journal of International Management,8(2), pp.205-225. Moriguchi, C., 2014. Japanese-style Human Resource Management and its historical origins.Japan Labor Review,11(3), pp.55-76. Natsuda, K., Otsuka, K. and Thoburn, J., 2015. Dawn of industrialisation? The Indonesian automotive industry.Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies,51(1), pp.47-68. Nssmc.com., 2017.Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Corporation. [online] Available at: https://www.nssmc.com/ [Accessed 13 Jun. 2017]. Waworuntu, S.R. and Suryanto, H., 2015. The Complementary Nature Of Fundamental And Technical Analysis Evidence From Indonesia.International Research Journal of Business Studies,3(2).

Western Civilization Humanism an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Western Civilization Humanism The 1500s was an age defined by enlightenment and exploration. From Columbus, to Copernicus, to Michelangelo and Erasmus, all were great thinkers, artists and explorers who pushed the boundaries of human achievement and redefined our world in irrevocable ways. That the sixteenth century should be the period of the Renaissance or rebirth is not by accident. Man, after several hundred years of hibernation during the Middle Age, was ready for a renewal of spiritual and creative energies. Thus, this period in Western Civilization was marked by extraordinary advancements in the Arts and Sciences, achievements that would not have been possible without the resurgence of Humanism. Need essay sample on "Western Civilization Humanism" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed It might be said the Renaissance was the ultimate expression of Humanism, after the classical Greek civilization. While to most of us, Renaissance was defined by artistic heights, historians consider the Renaissance as a turning point, the period that marks the beginning of Modern History. After hundreds of years of stagnation, the world underwent upheavals that are rooted in the Renaissance principles of Humanism, or the principles of freedom and self-expression and the emphasis on human values and the return to classical learning. (Kristeller, 1990, p. 3) The Renaissance as inspired by the values of Humanism, upon liberating human though created a domino effect that made the Reformation and all the succeeding events thereafter possible. After all, you cannot make the colors disappear to one who has seen the light. Truth, once known, is a point of no return. As Burckhardt once said, Culture, as soon as it freed itself from the fantastic bonds of the Middle Ages needed a guide, and f ound one in the ancient civilization Both the form and the substance of this culture were adopted with admiring gratitude (1990, p. 123) So what exactly is Humanism? Norman refers to Humanism as a celebration of the qualities that make us human, perhaps also with the suggestion that recognizing these qualities can inspire us to use them to the full. (2004, 1) The ideals of humanism are firmly rooted on the magnificent accomplishments of ancient Greece and Rome. Humanists believe that Greek and Roman civilization defined the heights of human accomplishment, especially in terms of intellectual prowess, and as such, modern people can learn a lot by going back to that time. Humanism as a branch of academics focused on the study of the liberal arts such as Latin and Greek, philosophy, ethics, rhetoric, poetry, and history. The return to classical literature led The broad concept of Humanism makes it difficult to pigeonhole or define. The fact that Humanism is all about the search for truth makes the concept as elusive as truth itself. In this regard, because Humanism rejects blind adherence to an ideology or principle, and as such, supports scientific thinking. Similarly, Humanism argues that truth can only be arrived with consistent reasoning and constant desire to explore and discover. It proclaims that we are individually capable of going beyond our conceived limitations and achieve self-determination and self-actualization. Humanists believe that man is capable of choosing his destiny and determining the course of his own life. Wherever that journey takes us, whether to greatness or some other kind of life, is something that is entirely up to us and the choices that we make along the way. References: Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Trans by S. G. C. Middlemore. Contributor Peter Burke & Peter Murray. Penguin Classics. 1990. p. 123. Humanism: Beliefs and Practices By Jeaneane D. Fowler Published 1999 Sussex Academic Press Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Renaissance Thought and the Arts: Collected Essays. Princeton University. 1990. p. 3. Norman, R. (2004). On Humanism. Routledge